| Industrial companies |
324 |
329 |
348 |
295 |
275 |
432 |
268 |
2271 |
2325 |
| â òîì ÷èñëå innovation-active companies |
53 |
31 |
42 |
40 |
74 |
53 |
25 |
318 |
581 |
| Scientific-production centres |
3 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
33 |
6 |
3 |
56 |
71 |
| Research organizations |
16 |
25 |
28 |
15 |
181 |
15 |
15 |
295 |
295 |
| â òîì ÷èñëå institutions of higher education |
4 |
5 |
7 |
5 |
30 |
– |
4 |
55 |
55 |
| The High-Technology Park |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
1 |
1 |
| Sci-tech parks |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
– |
1 |
10 |
20 |
| Innovation centres |
1 |
– |
1 |
– |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
8 |
| Technology transfer centres |
2 |
3 |
6 |
2 |
8 |
1 |
2 |
24 |
30 |
| Business-incubators |
1 |
1 |
2 |
– |
2 |
1 |
2 |
9 |
10 |
| Information and marketing centres |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
– |
2 |
10 |
30 |
| Sci-tech libraries (including factory libraries) |
44 |
47 |
77 |
43 |
175 |
50 |
40 |
476 |
490 |
| Venture organizations |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
3 |